Aiptasia X is the way to go - they are more likely to release spores if you try to dislodge them yourself. With Aiptasia X, it will actually try to eat the stuff, which will then block it from being able to release spores. Best way I know of to get rid of it. It works on majanos as well, though I haven't had as much success with it as I have with aiptasia.
Also, I still am not sure what the other circled things are - anyone else have ideas?